May 24

Abraham Geiger, a founding scholar of Reform Judaism and of the academic study of Judaism, was born in Frankfurt am Main.

Israel launched Operation Solomon, airlifting about 14,325 Ethiopian Jews (Beta Israel) to Israel within roughly 36 hours.

The Madrasatul Uloom school opened at Aligarh, the seed institution that became the Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College and later Aligarh Muslim University.

Kazi Nazrul Islam, the Bengali Muslim poet later honoured as the national poet of Bangladesh, was born at Churulia in Bengal.

Nicolaus Copernicus died at Frombork, in the same year his work De revolutionibus orbium coelestium appeared, setting out the model that places the Sun at the center of the planetary system.

Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit was born in Danzig. His precise mercury thermometers and the temperature scale bearing his name let separate observers compare measurements reliably for the first time.