July 3

Franz Kafka, whose spare, unsettling German-language fiction became a landmark of twentieth-century literature, was born into a Jewish family in Prague.

Theodor Herzl, the Viennese journalist who articulated modern political Zionism and convened its first congress, died at Edlach in Lower Austria at age 44.

Alexander Henry Rhind, the Scottish antiquarian whose name the great ancient Egyptian mathematical papyrus now bears, died at Cadenabbia at twenty-nine.

Robert F. Curl Jr., who shared the 1996 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery of fullerenes, hollow carbon molecules such as the C60 buckyball, died on 3 July 2022.