August 13

Ippolito Rosellini, regarded as the founder of Egyptology in Italy and Champollion's collaborator on the Franco-Tuscan expedition, was born in 1800.

Morris Jastrow Jr., the orientalist who studied Babylonian and Assyrian religion at the University of Pennsylvania, was born in Warsaw.

Florence Nightingale, who reshaped nursing and pioneered the use of statistics and clear graphics to argue for public health reform, died in London at the age of ninety.