June 23

Papal police came to the Mortara family's home in Bologna to remove six-year-old Edgardo, who had been secretly baptized, an act that drew international protest.

Vespasian, founder of the Flavian dynasty, died of illness at his estate near Reate and was succeeded by his son Titus.

The French Egyptologist Gaston Maspero, later director-general of Egypt's antiquities service, was born in Paris.

A congress in Paris unanimously adopted Pierre de Coubertin's resolution to revive the ancient Greek Olympic Games and founded the International Olympic Committee.

Bhaktivinoda Thakur, a Gaudiya Vaishnava reformer and prolific author, died at Puri on this day in 1914.

Alan Turing, the mathematician whose theoretical universal machine laid the foundations of computer science, was born in London.